Bavaria, the Thule Society, the SOSJ and the Making of a Revolutionary Faith Part IX

Welcome to the ninth part in my examination of the notorious Thule Society, a journey that grows stranger with each installment. Part one largely focused on dispelling some of the popular misconceptions concerning Thule (i.e. those concerning the "Vril forces," UFOs, etc) while part two considered some of the individuals, organizations and movements that led to the development of Thule (with a special emphasis on the occult strand known as Ariosophy and the Germanenorden, a secret society steeped in Ariosophy). The third installment detailed the background of Thule's founder, Baron Rudolf von Sebottendorff, with a special emphasis on his occult studies in the Near East while part four broke down Thule's early days.

With the fifth installment I digressed again and examined the Freecorps movement that sprang up in Germany in the wake of World War I. Thule and other occultic organization would play a key role in nurturing the Freecorps movement. With part six I considered the role Thule played in the overthrow of the Bavarian Soviet Republic. Part seven concerned Thule's immediate loss of power after the revolution in addition to its longstanding influence on terroristic operations represented by the World Anti-Communist League and Operation Gladio, among others. Part eight digressed again so I could consider the alleged origins of a mysterious secret society known as the Sovereign Order of Saint John (SOSJ).

the cross the Knights Hospitaller and all other organization's that claimed descent from the Order

Regular readers of this blog are no doubt well aware that I have written extensively on the SOSJ before (such as here, here, here and here) in an effort to outline the extensive ties the organization had forged with the Pentagon and US intelligence community by the 1950s. This hardly seems to mark the beginning of the Order's intrigues and plots, however, as part eight on this series demonstrated. Before moving along to the SOSJ's likely links to Thule, let us briefly consider the origins (both mythical and actual) of the SOSJ.

Officially the SOSJ claimed descent from the Medieval crusader order commonly referred to as the Knights Hospitaller, but through the Russian line of succession, making them theoretically distinct from the far more well known Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM, the "official" Knights of Malta organization). Critics of the SOSJ have insisted that it did not exist before the 1950s when it was founded in Shickshinny, Pennsylvania by a man named Charles Pichel, the Order's long time Grand Master. There is compelling evidence that the SOSJ existed by the 1930s, however, and that it came under the patronage one of the most powerful Romanov pretenders in the White diaspora, Grand Duke Cyril.

"Grand Duke Kirill had another supporter on the American far right: Charles Pichel. Pichel reports that on 13 January 1934, 'the late Grand Duke Kirill, acting officially as Kirill Wladimirovich (Kirill I)' from his place of exile in Saint Briac, France, confirmed the legitimacy of Pichel's Order. Two years later, in a proclamation dated 24 November 1936, he conferred upon Pichel 'the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle, First Class in Gold' for his 'zeal in defending and helping to perpetuate the noble history of Imperial Russia and the Imperial Families of Russia...'"

(Dreamer of the Day, Kevin Coogan, pg. 608)

Cyril

Pichel himself is something of a dubious source, but enough connections between Cyril, his family and minions to the Order have emerged to indicate that there was indeed some type of connection between the Grand Duke and the SOSJ and that it likely originated prior to World War II. But I digress.

While there is little solid evidence of the SOSJ existing during Thule's peak years (from roughly 1918 to 1923), Grand Duke Cyril and other individuals affiliated with him (and later the SOSJ) were most certainly active in Bavaria during this time and traveling in the same circles as the Thulists. In point of fact, Cyril would play a key role in establishing Bavaria as a mecca for disaffected rightists during the post-WWI years.

"The other leading imperial candidate, Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich (1876-1938), was a grandson of Tsar Alexander II, a nephew of Alexander III, and a first cousin of Nicholas II. He had played the insouciant court dandy until the Russo-Japanese War, when a harrowing brush with death as an officer aboard the mined battleship Petropavlovsk transformed him into a pensive fatalist. Cyril avoided sharing his cousin's fate by fleeing to Finland in June 1917 with his expectant wife, Victoria, princess of Saxe-Coburg, and infant daughter, Kira. After a graciously nomadic existence in Finland, Switzerland, and southern France, Cyril settled at Villa Edinburgh, his wife's family estate near Coburg in northern Bavaria. Like Nikolasha, Cyril felt diffident about politics. Left to himself, he would have found contentment in golf, gardening, and sports cars. But Victoria ('Ducky'), an ambitious and strong-will German, had grander plans for her husband than genteel retirement. Well before the Revolution, Victoria and her mother-and-law, Princess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, had barely concealed their restiveness at the Romanov throne's, being occupied by weakling with a hemophilic heir when eminently eligible 'Vladimiroviches' (the male offspring of grand Duke Vladimir and Princess Marie, of whom Cyril was the eldest) were waiting in the wings. In exile, Victoria became convinced that German support could not only further her spouse's imperial pretensions but might someday restore the monarchy in Russia. Mobilizing her charm and her family's money, she cultivated the emigration's extreme right wing and through General Erich Ludendorff helped finance Adolf Hitler's fledgling National Socialist German Worker's Party (NSDAP). Hitler himself visited Coburg in 1922 to attend a 'German Day' rally sponsored by Victoria's family. Ducky returned the future Fuhrer's attention by gracing a number of SA (storm trooper) rallies."

(The Russian Fascists, John J. Stephan, pgs. 12-13)

"Ducky"

There's a lot to take in here. Cyril and Ducky's financial support for the Nazi Party (as well as the Bavarian far right in general) and the above-mentioned "German Day" rally are quite important in this saga, so keep them in mind. Its also interesting to note that Pichel listed the then-current Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Charles Edward (sometimes spelled as "Eduard"), as a member of the SOSJ in his History of the Sovereign Military Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, Knights of Malta (pg. 86).

Edward was a curious figure. A grandson of England's Queen Victoria, he would become an enthusiastic Nazi by the 1930s and hold a number of posts for the regime up until the end of World War II (Edward was the head of the German Red Cross for much of this time, an organization the SOSJ's website has insisted that they influenced). Edward also seems to be a first cousin of Empress Alexandra of Russia, a figure much was written on in part eight of this series. Edward, despite being nominally British, became the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha after he inherited the title at the death of his uncle, Alfred. Duke Alfred had been Ducky's father.

Charles Edward

Edward was also an enthusiastic supporter of the Freecorps movement.

"... In the more or less official Who's Who of the National Socialist party, for example, their appears the name of Carl Eduard, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. The Duke was as proud of his Free Corps activity as he was of his other distinctions. Along with his work as a member of the staff of the Supreme S.A. Leadership, his membership in the Kaiser Wilhelm Society and his presidency of the German Red Cross, he lists his other accomplishments: In 1919 he served in the staff of the Franconian Volunteer Rifle Regiment. During the same year he was leader of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr. In 1920 he was Thuringian district leader for the Ehrhardt Brigade and subsequently of Ehrhardt's murder organization, the Organisation Consul..."

(Vanguard of Nazism, Robert G.L. Waite, pg. 53)

Edward's involvement in the Organisation Consul (OC; an assassination squad with occultic trappings and ties to the Germanenorden that was addressed in parts two and five of this series) is interesting. On the SOSJ's "official" website, it is claimed that the Order was who actually controlled the OC. So far Edward is the only alleged SOSJ member I have been able to link to the OC, but it most definitely had contact with various secret societies.

But moving along. Before continuing with the so-called "Coburg circle," I must digress a bit to consider the figure of General Erich Ludendorff. Of all the people in Bavaria during the early 1920s, the general seems to have been the key figure in bringing together this bizarre network of monarchist White Russians, German nationalist organizations, Freecorps veterans (and terror cells), Ariosophical secret societies, and the fledgling Nazi Party.

Ludendorff had effectively became the most powerful figure in Germany by 1917, and had ultimate authority over the nation's war effort for the final year of the conflict. After he resigned in October 1918, shortly before the nation's official surrender, the general fled to Sweden where he served a brief exile. It was here during this time that he would begin to develop the "stab-in-the-back" myth that would become so crucial to the Nazi Party during the coming years.

By 1920 Ludendorff was back in the Fatherland and latching on to the Freecorps movement. His return was just in time for the Kapp Putsch, which he became a co-plotter of. The Kapp Putsch reportedly featured a lot of Baltic veterans (the Baltic Campaign was discussed in part eight of this series), including several significant White Russians. Two of the most notable were Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter and General Vasily V. Biskupsky. Biskupsky, as discussed in part eight, was a long time associate of Cyril's and a key member of the Coburg circle. Scheubner-Righter became a close friend of Adolf Hitler's upon arriving in Munich after the Kapp Putsch, and died next to the future Fuhrer during the failed Beer Hall Putsch. He was also, according to Stephan's The Russian Fascists, an associate of both Ludendorff and Cyril, as well as the German steel magnet Fritz Thyssen (pg. 19) who would later play a key role in bankrolling the Nazi Party.

Scheubner-Richter

Scheubner-Righter was not the only Kapp Putsch participant who ended up in Bavaria afterwards.

"One of the other chief plotters, Ludendorff, and his chief aide, Bauer, left Berlin by train that evening for Munich. Ludendorff, once more assuming a false name, Herr Lange, told Bauer that they were richer for the 'bitter experience', having witnessed 'the complete unreliability of the offices corps... and the fickleness of the public.' Ludendorff concluded that more revolutionary and ruthless leadership was required. As we shall see he was to find what he sought in the smoke-filled beerhalls and hate-laden atmosphere of Munich, where reactionary forces had taken advantage of the past few days' confusion in Berlin to overthrow Hoffmann's SPD-led government in Bavaria and install an ultra-Conservative regency under a Kapp-like monarchist civil servant named Gustav von Kahr. From now on, Munich was to become the magnet for all right-wing revolutionaries determined to bring down the Republic by fair means or foul. Here Ludendorff, Rossbach and Ehrhardt would gather and come under the influence of a little-known political agitator named Adolf Hitler."

(A Brief History of the Birth of the Nazis, Nigel Jones, pg. 189)

Hermann Ehrhardt, one of the most notorious Freecorps commanders, during the Kapp Putsch

Rossbach and Ehrhardt, who were both briefly discussed in part five of this series, are generally considered to be the most ruthless and extreme of the Freecorps commanders. Ehrhardt, whose men had flown the swastika during the Kapp Putsch, had been one of the plot's chief figures. He was also the individual who would create and head the Organisational Consul, an assassination network responsible for over 300 murders, in the years to come.

Around this time Ludendorff would also develop a fascination in the occult that would last the rest of his life, as well as with conspiracy theories. He became a Wotan worshiper and denounced Christianity as a Jewish plot. He believed that Germany was under the assault of a cabal of Christians, Jews, communists, and Freemasons. With such views, it was inevitable that he would come into contact with the Thule Society. Indeed, Thulists may even have been who introduced Ludendorff to Hitler.

"Following Germany's defeat, Ludendorff crossed into the occult underground and Nazism. After the Thule Society's Rudolf Hess brought Hitler to his attention in May 1921, the old general became eager to lend his prestige to the Nazi movement. Ludendorff's wife, Dr. Mathilde von Kemnitz, was introduced to the general by Thule confederate Gottfried Feder. She has been depicted by historians as the malevolent influence on her husband's postwar life and blamed for encouraging his alliance with Hitler. A student of psychiatry and one-time scientific debunker of astrology, Kemnitz was a charter member of the Edda Society, which was steeped in List and founded by an associate of the Thule Society. 'My acquaintance with the earliest work of Dr. Mathilde Kemnitz was a decisive influence on the course of my inner struggles,' Ludendorff wrote, especially concerning 'secret supranational forces such as Jews, the Roman Catholic Church, Freemasonry, and 'occult and satanistic structures' bent on diminishing the Aryans."

(Hammer of the Gods, David Luhrssen, pgs. 88-89)

General Erich Ludendorff

This proved to be most useful when Ludendorff himself and the rest of the German General Staff were accused of elaborate treacheries by the legendary British conspiracy theorist Nesta Webster during the interwar years. Naturally it was a Thulist who rose to the general's defense.

"Nesta Webster was herself in contact with another secret German order with political ambitions: Munich's Thule Society. The Thule Society was a cover organization for the Bavarian branch of a quasi-masonic, ultra-right group called the Germanenorden, which had been founded in Berlin in 1912 and had lodges in many cities. Starting in April 1922, Webster launched a series of attacks against pan-Germanism in the pages of the rightist journal The Morning Post. Her articles were triggered by the stunning news of the Rapallo Treaty between Germany and Communist Russia. Webster explicitly rejected any attempt to blame Rapallo on a 'Jewish conspiracy.' She argued instead that the Jews 'from the time of Frederick the Great had frequently acted as Prussia's most faithful and efficient agents.' She also denounced the German General Staff for aiding the 1917 Bolshevik coup.

"One 10 June 1922, The Morning Post ran a response from Kurt Kerlen, a Thule Society member and a Hitler supporter. Kerlen wrote to defend his friend General Ludendorff against charges that the German General Staff had helped the Bolsheviks. Around the same time, Ludendorff was working with the White Russian Grand Duke Kirill in an attempt to get American anti-Semites like Henry Ford to help finance the German far right. In fact, the exchange between Webster and Kerlen was reprinted in America by the Beckwith Company, founded by Dr. Harris Houghton, the former head of U.S. military intelligence in New York during World War I who worked closely with Ford."

(Dreamer of the Day, Kevin Coogan, pg. 571)

presumably this work chronicles the debate between Nesta Webster and Thulist Kurt Kerlen

Keep Ford and Houghton in mind as we shall be coming back to them. At present, there's another Thule associate whom Ludendorff seems to have had ties with that bears mentioning. His name is Rudolf John Gorsleben.

"... a new post-war Aryan occultist movement was started by Rudolph John Gorsleben (1883-1930). On the basis of the runes, occultism, and the Edda, Gorsleben created an original racist mystery-religion which illuminated the priceless magical heritage of the Aryans and justify their spiritual and political world-supremacy. Born on 16 March 1883 at Metz, Gorsleben was brought up in Alsace-Lorraine, a French province which had been annexed by the German Reich in 1871 after its victory in the Franco-Prussian war. The inhabitants of this area spoke a German dialect and wavered in their political allegiance between Berlin and Paris, thus encouraging the local growth of Pan-Germanism during the 1890s. Gorsleben encountered nationalism at an early age in this borderland; as a staunch German patriot he was proud to traces ancestry back to a fourteenth-century noble family in Thuringia. Little is known of his youth except that he arrived in Munich sometime before the First World War. His first ambitions concerned a career in the theatre, for he published a play called Der Rastaquar (1913), which had a short run in the city. He then turned to journalism and edited a pamphlet magazine devoted to nationalist and Pan-German ideas, Allegemeine Flugblatter Deutscher Nation. At the outbreak of war Gorsleben volunteered for service with a Bavarian regiment, which fought for two years on the Western Front. He then transferred to a German unit attached to the Turkish army in Arabia, fighting against the Bedouin tribes and their British supporters in Palestine. Gorsleben held the rank of lieutenant and won twelve military distinctions. He also kept a wartime diary, from which an extract about his Arabian campaign was later published. Even these early writings reflect a strong interest in mythology and the importance of race in historical development.

"At the end of the war Gorsleben return to Munich. The revolutionary period politicized him further and he became associated with the Thule Society. In April 1919 he was arrested together with Dietrich Eckart by communist insurgents during the Soviet revolution in the city. Only Eckart's quick-witted answers under interrogation prevented their summary execution in common with the other Thule hostages. On 18 December 1920 Gorsleben delivered a lecture entitled 'The Aryan Man' to the Thule. In his diary of society meetings Johannes Hering commented on the occult tendencies in Gorsleben's thought and their later efflorescence in his mature doctrine of Aryan mysticism. Over the next two years Gorsleben was highly active in local revolutionary right-wing politics. In July 1921 he became Gauleiter of the south Bavarian section of the radical anti-Semitic Deutschvolkischer Schutz-und Trutzbund, which was then competing with the early Nazi party for support in Southern Germany. By December 1921 Gorsleben had decided to break with the league's central office at Hamburg and he formed a new alliance with Julius Streicher – who later edited Der Sturmer under Nazi auspices – finding considerable support at Regensburg and Nuremberg. Gorsleben also work closely with Lorenz Mesch, the Germanenorden chief in Regensburg, whose protégés Schulz and Tillessen carried out the Erzberger assassination. However, after a stormy period of internal party strife, Gorsleben retired from volkisch politics to devote his time fully to literary and ideological interest. He embarked upon a major translation of the Edda, which he regarded as a distillation of old Aryan religion."

(The Occult Roots of Nazism, Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, pgs. 155-156)

Gorsleben

Certainly Gorsleben seems to have been traveling in circles we have encountered frequently throughout this series. Dietrich Eckart was of course a very close associate of Thule (David Luhrssen has compellingly argued he was a full fledged member in Hammer of the Gods) while the Germanenorden was the organization from which Thule derived and was a lodge of. The Germanenorden's role in the Erzberger assassination was already considered in part two, as was the Deutschvolkischer Schutz-und Trutzbund. As noted there, the overlap between the Germanenorden and Schutz-und Trutzbund was considerable. Also of note is the above-mentioned Thulist and friend of General Ludendorff, Kurt Kerlen, was the head of the Nuremberg wing of Schutz-und Trutzbund during the time Gorsleben seems to have been in contact with it.

During 1920 Gorsleben acquired a floundering Munich newspaper that he eventually renamed Deutsche Freiheit (German Freedom). Initially the paper stuck to relatively conventional volkisch topics but it became increasingly arcane over the next five years. By 1925 Gorsleben founded his own "cultural study group". It is with this organization that his association with Ludendorff seems to have officially begun.

"Gorsleben regarded old Icelandic literature, especially the Edda, as 'the richest source of Aryan intellectual history.' On 29 November 1925 he founded and Aryan study-group called the Edda Society at his farmhouse in Dinkelsbuhl, a romantic medieval town in Franconia. The members of the Society were mostly authors in their own right and contributed to Gorsleben's eclectic reconstruction of the Aryan religion. Werner von Bulow (1870-1947), the Grand Master of the Society, was a retired civil servant from West Prussia who owned the Hotel Karwendel at Mittenwald in Upper Bavaria. He designed a 'world-rune-clock,' which showed the correspondence of the eighteen runes with the colours, the zodiac signs, the gods of the month, numbers, skaldic names, and the Listian trinity of 'birth', 'being', and 'death'. Similar ideas were expressed in his short work Der Ewigkeitsgehalt der eddischen Runen und Zahlen (1925). The treasurer of the Society was Friedrich Schaefer at Muhlhausen, whose wife Kathe kept open house for another occult-volkisch group which gathered around Karl Maria Wiligut in the early 1930s. Other members of the Edda Society included Martin Brucher and Albert March, who had written an esoteric book on German nationalism involving a quasi-Listian proto-language and the principle of parallax; Karl Nuse, a prominent volkisch private scholar; Otto Sigfrid Reuter, the leader of the Germanic Belief Fellowship and author of many books on astrology, prehistoric pagan religion, and the Edda; Carl Reinhold Petter, president of a pan-Aryan league at Danzig; and Mathilde von Kemnitz, a prolific volkisch writer who spearheaded the Ludendorff movement after her marriage to the general in September 1926. Gorsleben was Chancellor of the Society and his periodical Deutsche Freiheit, later Arische Freiheit, was published as the organ of the Society. After Gorsleben's death due to a long-standing heart complaint, on 23 August 1930 at Bad Homburg, Bulow took over the editorship and the paper was renamed Hag All All Hag, later simply Hagal, and continue publication up until 1939."

(The Occult Roots of Nazism, Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, pgs. 159-160)

the Edda Society's "World Rune Clock"

While the Edda Society is normally overlooked in favor of more well known Germanic occult orders such as Thule its influence on Nazi esotericism was seemingly quite significant. Hagal would enjoy tentative support of during the early years of the Third Reich while the above-mentioned Karl Maria Wiligut, whom the Society was an early patron of, would become something of an occult adviser to Heinrich Himmler and the SS. While I do not wish to digress further, the role Edda helped play in the rise of Wiligut is worth noting as we shall return to Wiligut's beliefs in the next installment. Consider:

"After his eventual release from the asylum in 1927, Wiligut remained in Salzburg and received visitors from Germany (the Edda circle) and from Vienna (mainly ONT brothers). It was during this period that Wiligut revealed his Halgarita-Spruche (Halgarita Charms), which were handed down primarily to his student Emil Rudiger in the years 1928-29. In the fall of 1932, he received Fraulein Frieda Dorenberg. She was a member of the NSDAP even before Adolf Hitler (she carried the membership number 6) and was sometimes called the 'conscience of the Party.' She was also deeply involved in esoteric matters, and was a member of the Edda Society. It was she, in cooperation with other members of the Society, who arranged to have Wiligut smuggled into Germany with a false identity. So, with his children grown, and freedom from observation by authorities granted, Wiligut fled Austria in 1932 and began living underground near Munich in the suburb of Bogenhausen. There he began teaching in the context of an esoteric circle called the Freie Sohne der Nord- und Ostsee (Free Sons of the North and Baltic Seas). It was during this period that, under the pseudonym 'Jarl Widar,' he began to write the contributions to the journal Hagal...

"Wiligut, now in his late sixties, was well received and much respected in these volkisch circles. It is likely that at least some of this respect stemmed from his long and distinguished military record and his service in combat in the 'Great War.'

"It was Wiligut's long-standing friend Richard Anders, by this time a member of the SS, who was instrumental in introducing the old colonel to the Reichsfuhrer-SS, Heinrich Himmler. The National Socialists came to power in Germany on 30 January 1933. Later that year Wiligut met Himmler for the first time at Detmold at a conference of the Nordische Gesellschaft. Shortly thereafter, in September 1933, Wiligut himself joined the SS under the pseudonym 'Karl Maria Weisthor.' Wiligut's own curriculum vitae, which he wrote himself in 1937 under the name 'Karl Maria Wiligut-Weisthor,' indicates his past history as a patient in a mental institution. Therefore Himmler was aware of his past, but kept it secret."

(The Secret King, Stephen E. Flowers and Michael Moynihan, pgs. 47-48)

Wiligut

Needless to say the Edda Society, with its seeming nucleus in Thule and the Germanenorden, would play host to a wide variety of occult doctrines. Ludendorff's wife was a charter member of this society at the same time the old general was still working with Cyril. This raises the distinct possibility that Cyril and the Coburg circles were aware of these esoteric strands.

But enough about the Edda Society for now. Let us return to the matter of Cyril's funding of the Bavarian far right. By most accounts this funding was quite significant.

"Of all the claimants to the Romanov thrown, the Grand Duke Kirill maintained the most intimate relations with the Nazi Party. His liaisons to both the NSDAP... was his chief aid-de-camp General Vasily Biskupsky, a friend of General Lundendorff, who led the most anti-Semitic wing of the exiled White Russians. Biskupsky may also have channeled money from Kirill to the German far right in the early 1920s. In 1939 he told one Nazi bureaucrat that the Grand Duke Kirill had given general Lunderdorff 'a sum of nearly half a million gold marks in 1922-1923 for German-Russian national matters,' which Biskupsky now wanted repaid. The money was linked to a reported 'Russian-German treaty of 1923' between Kirill's forces and Ludendorff. Relations between the Nazis and Kirill began to deteriorate in the mid-1920s over the issue of Great Russia, when Biskupsky tried without success to turn the Estonian-born Alfred Rosenberg against Ukrainian separatism. The Gestapo actually jailed Biskupsky from June to September 1933, although two years later the Nazis made him the head of Russian emigration in Germany."

(Dreamer of the Day, Kevin Coogan, pgs. 602-603)

Biskupsky

Reportedly the Nazi refusal to repay Cyril stemmed from the belief that it was not his money that had been loaned to the Party, but the money of Henry Ford.

"... Kirill and his chief aide-de-camp General Vasily Biskupsky appeared to have received financial support from Henry Ford, with Brasol serving as the intermediary. According to Robert C. Williams' book Culture in Exile, Kirill's wife Viktoria managed 'to obtain funds for the movement from the United States.' In their book Who Financed Hitler, James and Suzanne Pool state that Brasol was Kirill's American representative at the time. They report that Brasol sent money from Ford to the Grand Duke and Duchess, who in turn gave it to Ludendorff to support the Bavarian far right, including Hitler. If this information is correct, it might explain the Nazi refusal to give Biskupsky the money he claimed was due him, since the funds hadn't originated with Grand Duke Kirill in the first place."

(Dreamer of the Day, Kevin Coogan, pg. 608)

Henry Ford

The above-mentioned Brasol, Cyril's American agent, is Boris Brasol, a figure we shall be returning to in the next installment, so do keep him in mind.

So, to recap: In many accounts Cyril's wife, Victoria ("Ducky"), is credited with coming up with funding that Cyril lavished upon the Bavarian far right, including Hitler. Compelling evidence has emerged, however, that it was not Ducky's money that was being distributed, but Henry Ford's (who is a well known financial supporter of Nazism). Reportedly Cyril's American agent, Boris Brasol, received these funds from Ford and dispatched them to Cyril. The Grand Duke in turn gave these funds to General Ludendorff, who spread it around amongst the Bavarian far right.

All of this is most interesting as a certain individual long linked to the Thule Society also claimed to be receiving funds from Henry Ford during this time frame that he then gave to the Nazi Party: Dietrich Eckart.

"Another contribution of Eckart, and one that is frequently missed even by occult historians, is his connection with Henry Ford.

"Ford was a notorious anti-Semite, and had actually written a book – The International Jew – which was enormously popular in Germany where a German-language version with the title The Eternal Jew was a best-seller. Hitler had read it before writing Mein Kampf, and some authors insist that whole sections of Hitler's memoir were lifted, practically verbatim, from Ford's book. Hitler even had a picture of Ford hanging in his office at Party headquarters (the Brown House) and stacks The Eternal Jew piled up on a desk outside along with other Nazi literature... It is worthwhile to note the German publisher of The Eternal Jew (as well as of an early edition of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion) was none other than on other than Theodor Fritsch, the man who founded the Germanenorden in 1912 for which the Thule Society served as a front...

"Thus it was Eckart who handled some of these early cash contributions from Henry Ford, and Eckart who, among others, dealt directly with the Ford representatives in Germany. As we continue along in our catalog of this century's most unspeakable evil, we must pause now and again to fully appreciate the depths to which some honored American heroes – industrialists, after all, like Ford; scientists, engineers, and technicians – have sunk, and to resurrect these memories (no matter how painful or simply distasteful) for they are crucial to a full understanding of who we are and of how we came to this impasse. Eckart, the drug-addicted occultist, racist, anti-Semite, and borderline psychopath as Henry Ford's bag man and Hitler's Bebe Rebozo, is one of those tragic accidents of history that merit a few moments of silent contemplation."

(Unholy Alliance, Peter Levenda, pgs. 100-101)

Eckart

Indeed. As was noted in part eight of this series, one of the earliest versions of the Protocols to pop up in Germany was brought by Vasily Biskupsky's close associate, Piotr Shabelsky-Bork. The first complete German language edition of the Protocols was published by a Ludendorff associate named Ludwig Mueller. By mid-1920 Fritsch's publishing house had issued a best selling edition of the Protocols. Thus, it would seem Thulists and the Coburg circle (and possibly the SOSJ) played a key role in introducing the Protocols to Germany. The same seems to be true of the United States, as we shall see in the next installment.

I have been unable to determine which representatives of Henry Ford approached Eckart during 1920-1921, but it seems all but certain they were either affiliated with Ludendorff and/or the Coburg circle. While its likely Eckart would have initially been contacted by someone connected to Ludendorff, there is circumstantial evidence that he eventually became acquainted with Grand Duke Cyril and the rest of the Coburg circle. Consider the "German Days" rally that was mentioned at the beginning of this article. Let us now consider a few more details:

"With Eckerd and now Rosenberg at his side, Hitler strode all over Germany like an avenging angel on a budget, seeking out targets of opportunity. With him could be counted upon a contingent of six hundred oddly dressed former Free Korps men who had sworn an oath of loyalty to the cause, a kind of bodyguard that was now known as the dreaded SA, the Strumabteilung, the brown-should Storm Troopers.

"The SA at this time was dressed in a motley of uniforms, many with patched and mismatched clothing, but their unifying symbol, of course, was the swastika, which they wore as armbands and which they flew as black-red-white flags after a design approved by Hitler. They were also accompanied by a brass band that played rousing marches at every public meeting of the Nazi Party and, at the event scheduled for Coburg, even had a van full of beefy Bavarians in lederhosen and alpenstocks for a little local color... and brute force.

"Hitler himself presided over very little actual armed conflict up to this time, but was ready for battle when they reached the town of Coburg in Upper Bavaria on October 14, 1922, for a 'German Day' celebration. This time, they were met with opposition in the form of a crowd of anti-Nazis of various persuasions who began by jeering and shouting epithets, calling the Nazis murderers and criminals, and who preceded very shortly to throw rocks at the marching Storm Troopers.

"Hitler gave a signal with his whip, and the Troopers fell upon the crowd with merry and reckless abandon. (Hitler had often pictured himself as Christ throwing the money-changers out of the Temple, and the whip was his favorite weapon at this time. Even Eckardt was growing tired of it, and began to think that maybe his protégé was a trifle insane.) The hostile crowd was forced back, and the march continued, but the talk on the street was that the Communists had only fallen back to regroup and that a major confrontation would take place in twenty-four hours.

"The following day, in spite of a call to all leftist to throw out the Nazis, Hitler – who anticipated a full-scale battle with an opposition numbering close to ten thousand, and whose own SA contingent (swollen with newly arriving members and converts) now numbered only fifteen hundred – found himself greeted instead with wild approval by the people of Coburg and surprisingly the rest of the day passed without conflict. Hitler – his friends the poet-mystic Eckart and the architect-mystic Rosenberg in tow – had actually liberated the town of Coburg."

(Unholy Alliance, Peter Levenda, pgs. 97-98)

a picture taken during the "German Days" trip

Keep in mind this "German Days" rally was sponsored by Grand Duke Cyril and his wife, which may explain why Hitler's "liberation" of Coburg has a whiff of stagecraft about it. And here we two of the Thule Society's most notorious guests accompaniment Hitler to the German Days rally: Eckart, the alleged Henry Ford connection for the fledgling Nazi Party, and the Baltic German and former Tsarist subject Alfred Rosenberg.

Rosenberg

Needless to say, it does not seem much of a stretch that Cyril and the Coburg circle were acquainted with either Eckart and Rosenberg. While Cyril and his people do not seem to have arrived in Bavaria until the after the heyday of Thule was passed with such associations and company it hardly seems beyond the realm of possibility that the Grand Duke was aware of Thule and the role it played in overthrowing the Bavarian Soviet Republic.

Then several decades later the Sovereign Order of Saint John, a secret society that first Cyril and later his son Vladimir were said to be patrons of, seemingly embraces the same tools Thule used to overthrow the Bavarian Soviet Republic: an intelligence network that employed spies and propagandists alike and paramilitary forces. In the case of the SOSJ, it played a key role in founding the John Birch Society (JBS) and may have played a role in the Liberty Lobby as well. It is these two organizations from which virtually all of the modern NWO/Masonic-Judo-Communistic World Government conspiracy theories derive from.

Thus, the JBS seems to have played a key role in the SOSJ's intelligence operations. The Society itself was chiefly concerned with propaganda while the closely linked and far more exclusive Western Goals Foundation (WGF) engaged in intelligence gathering activities. Publicly Western Goals was geared toward carrying on the work of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. It compiled files on the political activities of millions of Americans and engaged in blacklisting throughout its heyday. Nor was the WGF the only Bircher-linked group engaged in such activities either. Cleon Skousen's Freemen Institute was another competent of this network.

Its military wing was handled initially by William Potter Gale, a former military intelligence officer who essentially created the Posse Comitatus movement. He did this at the urging of several members of the SOSJ and seemingly went on to create a militant underground network that used organizations such as the Posse and the Minutemen as recruiting grounds and fronts. The Minutemen and other such organizations were also used to gather intelligence for these patriot networks. I outlined these things at length before here.

a poster used by the Minutemen group in the 1960s

These methods are of course strikingly similar to Thule's, as are several others employed by the so-called "Patriot movement." For instance Thule also possessed an obsession with the notion that Aryan common law had been usurped by Roman civil law. A similar notion was incorporated by Gale into his Posse Comitatus ideology and is the basis for much of the modern day sovereign citizen movement. This was briefly addressed before in part five of this series.

And there a few more compelling examples that shall be addressed in the next installment when I begin to break down the American branch of the Coburg circle/SOSJ. For now, I would like to wrap things up by briefly considering a rather curious claim made by Baron Rudolf von Sebottendorff, the founder of Thule, following his departure from the Society. It concerns his claims in regards to an order of knighthood he had joined during this time.

"... He became a night in the Imperial Order of the Knights of Constantine and St. George, a chivalric order whose fanciful lore claimed Constantine the Great as its founder. According to Sebottendorff, the Order was involved in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution in anti-Communist intrigue."

(Hammer of the Gods, David Luhrssen, pg. 195)

von Sebottendorff

This claim was also mentioned by Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke in The Occult Roots of Nazism, though he referred to the order as the Imperial Constantine Order. In actuality both Luhrssen and Goodrick-Clarke seem to be wrong: the order being referred to was almost surely the one that is currently known as the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, and which does indeed claim Constantine the Great as its founder. in actuality, however, this Roman Catholic order of chivalry seems to have been founded some time between 1520 and 1545 by members of the noble Angeli Comneni family (which curiously gives this Catholic order ties to the Orthodox faith, a similarity it shares with the SOSJ). Goodrick-Clarke implies that to Sebottendorff the order was "dear to his heart" and yet neither he nor Luhrssen seem to have put much stock in Sebottendorff's passion for the organization.

the cross of the Constantinian Order

I find this claim most interesting for the SOSJ's "official" website makes elaborate claims concerning the anti-Communist intrigues the Order was involved in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution as well. What's more, it also alleges that other orders of knighthood assisted the SOSJ in these intrigues. Specifically, these were: the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM, the "official" Knights of Malta), the German Order of Saint John (presumably the Johanniterorden) and the Venerable Order of St. John. I have found no reference of any Constantinian order on the SOSJ's website, but clearly the claims made by Sebottendorff concerning this order and those made by the SOSJ are remarkably similar at the least.

And with that I bid you adieu for now dear readers. In the next installment we shall consider the American Coburg affiliates and the remarkable role they played in shaping the modern American Patriot movement. Stay tuned.

The Joker in the Patriot Movement

Now would seem an ideal time for reflection on the bizarre murders committed by Jerad and Amanda Miller this past Sunday in Las Vegas now that the pundits have had a full week to say their piece. Recluse has been eagerly monitoring the conspiratorial right's response to the murders since they unfolded this past Sunday and much of it was rather predictable. Alex Jones naturally detected a false flag operation at work. Raw Story noted:

"On his Monday radio show, Jones immediately called the shooting a “false flag” operation by the U.S. government.

"'Tens of millions of people are flooding here, hundreds of thousands a month, pouring over the borders, being given driver licenses in California to pull the lever to ban guns,' Jones warned. 'We are in the middle of a globalist revolution against this country right now. And my gut tells me that the cold-blood degenerate evil killing of two police officers and a citizen in Las Vegas yesterday is absolutely staged.'

"The conservative radio host said that his 'mind exploded with hundreds of data points' proving that the incident was staged when he first read about it on Sunday.

"Jones explained that conspirators were using Batman villain The Joker as a 'programming template for mind control' because Jerad Miller had dressed as comic book character while he was in Las Vegas.

"As evidence, the host began yelling that Aurora shooter James Holmes — who killed 12 people at a Batman movie in 2012 — had been part of a mind-control program called 'MK-ULTRA.'

“'[Sen. Majority Leader] Harry Reid comes out and says we’re going to do something about this, these are domestic terrorists at the Bundy ranch, everybody needs to be arrested,' Jones continued. 'I told you they’ve been building this behind the scenes, now they’re rolling it out.'

“'Would they stage this now? The answer is absolutely,' he insisted. 'If they would stage al Qaeda attacks, if they would do all of this, would they do this to get our guns and blame the Tea Party that’s sweeping in every runoff election and every primary right now? Defeating, in almost every case, 90 percent of Republican incumbents are going down! 1776 is happening, peacefully, through the system. They want to start a civil war with the police.'

"Jones speculated that the government had sent CIA 'cutouts' to the Pizza shop to kill the officers."

The Joker meme is one of the most interesting aspects of this case and shall be dealt with in a moment. Before getting there though let us consider remarks made by Vigilante Citizen, a website that's held in shockingly high regard by many conspiracy theorists. Largely echoing Jones, VC stated:

"Was Jerad Miller a government agent used to infiltrate and discredit specific groups? Was he programmed to carry out the murders to then take his own life? Was he just a crazy guy with a gun?  It’s difficult to say. It is however clear that the media spin on the Las Vegas shootings is perfectly in line with a top Agenda element of the elite : To discredit, demonize and lump together various groups that are not welcome in the U.S. anymore. Whether we look at Libertarians, constitutionalists, survivalists, or religious and pro-gun groups, they are all being targeted by the elite.

"While I won’t claim that every person involved in these groups is a kind, balanced, law-abiding citizen, it is clear that most of these groups exist because rights and freedoms are being chipped away in America. The main goal of many of these groups is to preserve the original spirit of the U.S. Constitution, which has been seriously violated in the past two decades. However, as the elite is transforming America into a NWO-friendly police-state, these groups are now perceived as a serious threat. More importantly, the elite needs the public to turn against them."

Essentially Jones and VC are echoing many of the longstanding allegations made by the "Patriot movement", i.e. that their movement is the target of relentless persecution by Federal authorities and that even when followers of their ideology carry out horrendous crimes they should not be criticized because these individuals were government agents, mind controlled patsies and so forth.

By and large these claims are baseless, especially the latter. As I've documented before extensively here, the modern day Patriot movement was largely the creation of the Pentagon and the U.S. intelligence community. As that series and my one on the Oklahoma City bombing should have made abundantly clear to regular readers, government agents within the Patriot movement are not the exception, but the rule. The movement has been dominated by "former" high ranking military officers (many of them with backgrounds in intelligence) for decades. Major movement personalities long suspected of involvement in violent crimes (i.e. William Potter Gale, Frazier Glenn Miller, Louis Beam, etc) have inexplicably avoided any serious legal complications until they commit acts so blatant authorities can no longer suppress them (again, Miller).

William Milton Cooper, one of the most revered figures in the movement and a "former" Naval intelligence officer

The ties between the Patriot movement and the Pentagon/CIA first began to emerge at the onset of the movement, in the early 1960s, when members of the Minutemen were implicated in arming anti-Castro Cubans in the wake of the Bay of Pigs debacle.

"The record suggests that, even if the FBI would carry out raids at the Kennedys' request, Hoover's heart was not into making trouble for Lauchli and his Minutemen. Despite their involvement in illegal bomb-making and sabotage plots, Hoover did not see them as dangerous. In 1965 he told the California Senate committee that 'little real evidence existed that the Minutemen are anything more than essentially a paper organization with just enough followers over the country so that they can occasionally attract a headline.'

"Hoover's remarks are consistent with his career of treating mob financed anti-Communist operators as supportive of, rather than inimical to, his notion of proper law enforcement. In this he was not alone. Mob-backed intelligence operations, such as the New Orleans branch of the Cuban Revolutionary Council, served the purposes of all U.S. interests which hoped to reverse Castro's expropriation of their Cuban assets."

(Deep Politics and the Death of JFK, Peter Dale Scott, pg. 89)

a 1960s era Minutemen poster

Yes, these patriot groups have been implicated in the assassination of JFK, as I noted before here, here, and here. Nor was Hoover's view of these groups atypical of the FBI for decades to come.

"The basic radical-right complaint that it had been the target of COINTELPRO abuses was justified, even if the rhetoric used to denounce the government was steeped in bigotry and exaggerated claims. However, it is difficult to make the case that the Bureau's investigation of the Posse included illegal, COINTERLPRO-style methods. Little evidence exists to support the charge, either in the Bureau's own records, in news reports, or from other sources. Unlike its treatment of dissident groups under J. Edgar Hoover, the FBI seemed to respect the constitutional rights of Posse members. Among other things, it closed investigations early – sometimes too early – as soon as it judged that the targeted individuals were engaged in constitutionally protected activity and were not planning any crimes. This was a far cry from the 'anything goes' mentality of the Hoover era. A more serious problems stemmed from the on-again, off-again investigative approach taken by local offices where agents – out of laziness, sympathy with right-wing groups, or concerns for career advancement – did not appear to take the Posse Comitatus very seriously. The memos from Director Kelly may have clamored for more substantial information from the field, but investigating right-wing hate groups was not a path to promotion in the Bureau – that came more readily to agents who distinguished themselves by working 'real' cases involving bank robbery, kidnapping, and murder. The consequences of this dynamic proved embarrassing two decades later when, in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, the Bureau had to scramble to get up to speed on right-wing hate groups because it had failed to devote sufficient resources to the problem much earlier."

(The Terrorist Next Door, Daniel Levitas, pgs. 137-138)

COINTELPRO was an operation launched by the FBI in the 1960s against the counterculture as the Vietnam conflict began to rapidly lose support. For years Right Wing groups claimed they were subjected to similar tactics. The Posse Comitatus movement, which began to emerge in the early 1970s, is the basis for much of the modern day militia and sovereign citizen movements. It was founded by a "former" military intelligence officer named Colonel William Potter Gale. It succeeded the Minutemen as the chief militant "grassroots" Right Wing group in the nation and was taken no more seriously than Hoover took the Minutemen.

the "Reverend" William Potter Gale

So yes, the claims of persecution by the conspiratorial right are largely frivolous. In point of fact, the Federal government has seemingly did everything in its power to avoid cracking down on the movement until the Oklahoma City bombing. Even then the movement was not dismantled, but simply pushed further underground. A decade later it managed a vigorous resurgence. What's more, it has seemingly more violent than ever. Let us briefly consider some of the violent crime linked to Patriot/white supremacist (I do not think its unfair to lump these two groups together as they and much of the other "grassroots" Right Wing movements are driven by a similar conspiratorial world view) ideology and groups in the past decade:

• Jared Lee Loughner, the Tuscon shooter who murdered six people while trying to assassinate Democrat Gabrielle Giffords, was a major conspiracy buff and an Alex Jones fan
• Serial killer Israel Keyes, who had been active since the late 1990s, was a Christian Identity follower with ties to Elohim City, the white supremacist compound long linked to the Oklahoma City bombing
• As noted here before, Sandy Hook shooter Adam Lanza's mother was an uber gun enthusiastic and actively engaged in survivalist culture
• The Wisconsin Sikh Temple shooting, which left six dead (seven counting the shooter), was committed by white supremacist Wade Michael Page
• Tom Clements, the head of the Colorado Department of Corrections, was assassinated by a member of the white supremacist 211 Crew gang; the event was surrounded by bizarre circumstances, as I noted at the time
• former White Patriot Party head and Klansman Frazier Glenn Miller was recently arrested for murdering three people during the Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting; Miller was a "former" government informant who was instrumental in derailing the Federal government's Fort Smith Sedition Trail that would have put many of the heads of Patriot movement behind bars; he's also suspected of committing several murders in the 1980s
• In March of 2014 a sovereign citizen was killed during a shootout with police in Ohio
• the son of a sovereign citizen murdered two Alaska State Troopers in May of this year when they tried to arrest his father
• Nearly 100 hate crime murders have been linked to Stormfront, the Internet's premier white supremacist website

And now we have the killing spree of the Millers, in addition to a shooting in Georgia involving a sovereign citizen days before the Las Vegas shootings. Needless to say, this constitutes a lot of dead bodies. And these are just some of the major incidents and random shootings Recluse happened to save in his files. I suspect that the number of minor shootings linked to Patriot ideology and such like over the past ten years is quite significant but no one in a position of authority is trying especially hard to keep track of them all.

Are these indications of a broader conspiracy? Maybe, maybe not. As I noted during my initial examine of the Las Vegas incident, the modern day Patriot movement is displaying striking similarities to the Freecorps movement that emerged in Germany in the wake of the First World War and was instrumental in the rise of Nazism. Freecorps were paramilitary bands actively engaged in suppressing communists and occasionally attempting to overthrow the Weimer Republic. They, like the modern day Patriot movement, were driven by a conspiratorial world view revolving around the notion of world government being brought about by a cabal of Communists, Jews and Freemasons. So yes, this present wave of violence has some eerie parallels that likely are not mere coincidence.

Freecorps men

But this researcher finds the notion that the bulk of these murders were committed by mind controlled patsies or even conscious government agents to be ridiculous. Americans are already buckling under the pressure of over three decades of neo-liberal economic policies that have left more than a few of us incredibly desperate if not outright destitute. Throw into this maelstrom the apocalyptic rhetoric and siege-like mentality that Alex Jones and his ilk specialize in and you have a perfect storm.

Thus, this researcher does not feel any hesitation in suggesting that memes being floated by Jones and such like are triggering these incidents of Patriot-related violence on some level. This is most obvious when considering the appearance of the Joker in the latest Las Vegas shooting. Predictably the conspiratorial right have attached much significance to Jerad Miller's apparent fondness for dressing up as the Joker. Probably the most noteworthy examination put forth has been by self-professed revisionist historian (and fascist sympathizer) Michael A. Hoffman II. On his blog Hoffman wrote:

"... The alleged killers in Las Vegas of two policemen at a restaurant, and a bystander at a shopping center, are being variously described as white supremacists, Constitutionalists etc. They may be all or none of those things, but they are most certainly demon-possessed individuals initiated into a devil cult by immersion in the soul-killing Hollywood movies and television and New York entertainment “culture” that permeates the US like the fumo di Satana.

"Examining the photos of the supposed killers of three people, we see the extent to which they have inculcated the Batman meme, which has been occult-saturated since the first, 1989 film in the series, and which reached its apogee with the most notorious and soulless entry ('The Dark Night') starring the late Heath Ledger, who died at age 28.

"On July 20, 2012 James Holmes, a PhD. candidate in the science of the brain (neurology), entered a theatre in Aurora, Colorado that was screening the most recent Batman movie, 'The Dark Knight Rises,' slaughtering 12 people. (The two 'Dark Night' movies have grossed more than $2 billion).

"The establishment media dubbed Holmes 'the Dark Knight shooter' and 'the Joker.' He appeared as a Joker in his first court appearance. His July 2012 massacre was embedded with occult significance (see Revisionist History newsletter no. 63, 'Predictive programming and ritual stagecraft: The Batman movie shooting synchronicities').

"Prior to the attack by Holmes, the name 'Aurora' (i.e. the goddess of the dawn), showed up in the movie trailer for the Dr. John Dee ('007') 'Skyfall' movie. The words 'Sandy Hook' appeared in 'The Dark Night Rises' Batman film prior to the school shootings at Sandy Hook.

"In the case at hand, we have Jerad and Amanda Miller, the putative Las Vegas cop killers leaving behind unmistakable links to the Joker of the Batman genre. No extensive investigation was needed to elicit this clue. It was online for all the world to see on 'Facebook.' The perps themselves revealed it in the Revelation of the Method, part of the pattern of self-revelation which the Cryptocracy permits and encourages in this time in which we live, the last stage of the age-old process of human alchemy, when Satan can walk openly among us and the American people don't give a hoot at any fundamental level of their waking consciousness..."

the Millers

But while the symbolism of the Batman universe has always been fascinating and occultic, it has been changed radically in recent years thanks to the Christopher Nolan films. And this change has been in especially sinister. The great Christopher Knowles astutely noted this in the wake of the Aurora rampage. He wrote then:

"I do know that is just more bad news attached to a Christopher Nolan film. This is a guy who puts forward psychopaths as his protagonists (Following, Memento, The Prestige) and cast a guy previously best known as Bateman, the American Psycho as Batman. He also seems especially fascinated with mindfucking as we've seen in Inception and the first Batman film (how people led Inception slide is beyond me). I do know this is a guy who revels in fascist, brutalizing imagery and themes in his work.

"I do know that he deliberately created a brand new archetype with his Joker, the real protagonist of The Dark Knight. A figure of pure, wanton destruction- the killer that every Jugalo would love to be when they grow up. This was pure psychological manipulation of the worst kind, and has had terrible real world results.

"Of course no one wants to think about that because a lot of the same people who immerse themselves in Conspiratainment want to play their ultra-violent video games and watch their torture porn. And their Batman movies."

But what Knowles does not note (at least not that I've found) is that this Joker-as-wanton-destruction archetype has been heavily reinforced in the real world by the "grassroots" Right Wing. Look no further than the Obama Jokers that sprang up in 2009. The Obama Joker image was originally designed by college student in Chicago, who posted it on his Flickr page during January of 2009. Initially it received little attention, but things suddenly changed. The LA Times reported:

"On Jan. 18, Alkhateeb uploaded the image to photo-sharing site Flickr (shown at right). Over the next two months, he amassed just a couple thousand hits, he said.

"Then the counter exploded after a still-anonymous rogue famously found his image, digitally removed the references to Time Magazine, captioned the picture with the word 'socialism' and hung printed copies around L.A., making headlines."

Soon the image spread to several other cities and was adopted en mass by the Right. Likening Obama, whom the Right perceives as a dictator, to the Joker is something of curious choice, at least in the context of Nolan's Batman films. Batman himself would have been more apt. In The Dark Knight Harvey Dent favorably compares Batman to the Roman institution of dictatorship in which democracy was suspended while a military commander dealt with the "enemies were at the gate." By the end of the film Batman has effectively had to assume dictatorial powers (most notably in the form of NSA-like technological surveillance) to contain the anarchy unleashed by the Joker.

As a kind of archetype for chaos and anarchy Nolan's Joker is a much more apt symbol of the Patriot movement itself and their Red Dawn fever dreams. While no doubt an armed revolt against Obama's America may seem like a romantic idea to any number of Internet tough guys who frequent Infowars the interwar period in Germany tells a much different story. Freecorps gleefully turned their cities into full scale war zones and relished in assassination of various stripes. In theory this was done to contain the spread of communism after the Bolshevik Revolution but more often than not deteriorated into destruction for destruction's sake. This was a crucial part of the much mythologized "Freebooter spirit."

"The accepted authority of the Freebooter mentality suggests another reason why he and his comrades revolted against their class. He argues that since the very raison d'etre of the Free Corps was total destruction, the movement obviously could not draw its rationale from the Weltanschauung of the bourgeois-liberal world. Of necessity, therefore, that world must be destroyed. In a revealing essay von Salomon writes:

"'When we probe into the make-up of the [Free Corps fighter] we can find all the elements which ever played a role in German history except one: the burgerlich. And that is only natural because the peculiar experience of these men... had forged them into one single force of consuming destructiveness. Their purpose could only be accomplished by the emphatic renunciation of what they felt most strongly to be the falsification of true German substance. The spirit of the past centuries [i.e., of bourgeois-liberalism] had not been able to meet the uniquely severe test – that of the hardness of war. This is why the warrior, of necessity, despised the whole system which the spirit had created. The task required of him was not only to build up a new spirit... More than that. The task required... that all ballast, all sentimentalism, all other values must be ruthlessly cast aside so that this whole strength could be set free... Ecstasy and death, tumult and adventure, heroism and excess, cold deliberation and burning idealism, robbery and plundering, arson and murder – a mixture of every passion and demoniacal fury formed... the fighters who dominated the postwar period.'

"The memoirs left by the fighters of the Free Corps movement are a veritable hymn of hate directed against the Weimar Republic, which was the symbol and hence the target of the revolt against bourgeois society..."

(Vanguard of Nazism, Robert G.L. Waite, pg. 56)

scenes from Munich following the overthrow of the Bavarian Soviet Republic

The trauma that the Freebooter spirit inflicted upon Germany during the 1918-1923 period was profound. Germany's economy improved somewhat after that, bringing a brief period of stability in the mid-1920s. But when things began to go sour by decade's end the siren song of Nazism began to work its spell on the German populace. Despite mythologizing the Freecorps movement to the hilt, the movement's stubborn sense of individuality and libertinism had no place in Nazi Germany and many key former Freecorps men, many of whom having joined the SA, were purged during the Night of Long Knives.

Effectively then the anarchist Freebooters were a crucial competent to the rise of Nazism and the authoritarianism it promoted. And it is quite likely that if the violence perpetuated by the Patriot movement continues to grow that something similar will occur in these United States.

Thus the Joker is quite apt for the Patriot movement, a notion I suspect Alex Jones is quite in agreement with. This blatant disinformation agent played a key role in the spread of the Obama Joker amongst the "grassroots" Right. Jones appeared in Joker makeup for a now notorious broadcast and even ran a poster contest on Infowars for the Obama Joker image. Amusingly, when one of Michael A. Hoffman's readers pointed out Jones' promotion of the Joker meme in the comment section of Hoffman's article on the Las Vegas shooting the revisionist historian was quick to insist that "It was Satanic arrogance, not Alex Jones, that dispatched this duo on their mission to play God in the name of saving the Republic."

Hoffman

Of course, in the article itself Mr. Hoffman had no problem blaming "soul-killing Hollywood movies and television" and usual suspects such as abortion, homosexuality and demonic possession for the murders. Really, about anything seems fair game in Mr. Hoffman's mind except Alex Jones and the Pentagon/CIA-created Patriot movement. Nor is Mr. Hoffman alone in this double standard... far, far from it.